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Chuck Thompson

Chuck Thompson

Chuck Thompson

About Chuck Thompson

Chuck Thompson is editor of Columbia Insight.

Only one thing will preserve post-COVID environmental gains

The ecological legacy of the coronavirus remains unclear. We should be a part of creating it 

There’s something out there. Just not as much as before. South Fork Snake River. Photo by Bob Wick, BLM

Chuck Thompson, May 7, 2020. Six mule deer bucks. Four mountain goat. Three wild turkeys. Two chukars. One river otter. And dozens of eagles, hawks, geese, ducks, sparrows, squirrels, snakes and other furry, feathery and scaly citizens of the day-to-day campground critterverse.

That was my tally of wildlife sightings in just a 36-hour period around the Snake River and Umatilla National Forest in mid-April.

Granted, it’s spring, human activity is down and I was up with the dawn. But even for a place as relatively untrammeled as the Oregon-Idaho border, it seemed like a lot of near encounters.

Especially since I hadn’t been looking that hard.

Aside from the largest goat—a billy so white and broad that from certain sunlit angles he might’ve been mistaken for a polar bear—the bucks and river otter left the deepest impressions.

The deer came all at once, six of them arranged in perfectly unison single-file, racing down a hill and across a flat stretch of land not 50 yards from where I was boiling water. Bringing up the rear, the largest had the size of rack normally spotted only in visitor centers and hunting magazines.

The river otter kept cruising back and forth in front of where I stood on the Idaho side of the Snake, casing the joint, complaining at me in a clearly irritated way.

Big bucks and river otter tend to be shy around humans. You can hike for years and never catch a glimpse of a set of antlers like that. Or have the chance to chirp back at an audacious otter.

Green global gains

In the wake of those sightings, I felt plugged into a global phenomenon.

By now we’ve all seen the dramatic headlines. With reduced human activity as a result of Covid-19 stay-home orders, animals of all types are ranging with a greater sense of provenance.

True, that viral story about dolphins in the canals of Venice turned out to be B.S. But black bears in Yosemite National Park really are “having a party” in the absence of the usual bumper-to-bumper traffic. Kashmiri goats have “taken over” a town in Wales. Flamingos have descended by the tens of thousands upon the waters surrounding Mumbai. And thousands of turtle hatchlings on the coast of Brazil actually made their way to the sea unmolested by humans and dogs for the first time in memory.

“The whole world is under risk,” said Herbert Andrade, an environmental manager in Brazil, in the Washington Post. “But this was a moment of happiness. It was a feeling that nature was transforming itself.”

[perfectpullquote align=”full” bordertop=”false” cite=”” link=”” color=”” class=”” size=””]Like doomed dieters after a week of celery snacks, will we squander these gains in a post-COVID splurge of  “we earned this” environmental gluttony?[/perfectpullquote]

It’s not just wildlife. Another unintended outcome of worldwide shelter-in-place orders is improved air quality. 

READ MORE ON CI: Two Charts Show COVID-10 Impact on Air Quality

A friend in perpetually polluted Manila recently emailed me that in that city “the air is as clean and crisp as it ever was in Oregon on its best day. We can now actually see the tops of trees on Corregidor Island from our deck over Manila Bay, which is insane.”

We can literally see the evidence across the Columbia River Basin, as well. With roughly 40 percent fewer vehicles on the road, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality monitors are measuring substantial decreases in airborne pollutants.

Distant Cascade peaks have rarely shone so brightly.

Excitement in conservation circles

For those who rank climate change and environmental preservation as top priorities, proof of humankind’s ability to actually bring about big green changes have boosted morale and ignited hope.

“The coronavirus opens up a whole new spectrum of political possibility that a lot of climate activists are quite excited about,” David Wallace-Wells recently told MSNBC’s Chris Hays. Wallace-Wells is a New York magazine climate columnist and author of the 2019 bestseller The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming. “When you look at the planet right now it’s hard not to be moved by the expression of global solidarity and fellow feeling that is demonstrated by a literal hemisphere-wide quarantine that is being engaged in willingly by billions of people.

“That’s really the ultimate project and challenge facing us with climate change.”

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown we can accomplish a lot in a short time.

The $2.6 trillion-plus federal coronavirus response bills prove crisis funding isn’t as insurmountable as previously argued. According to Austan Goolsbee, University of Chicago economist and former advisor to President Barack Obama, adjusting for inflation that $2.6 trillion is greater than combined U.S. spending for wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Korea and World War I.

Now comes the big question: in the post-COVID world will we embrace the environmental gains and lessons taken from the crisis and build upon them? Or, like doomed dieters after a week of workouts and celery snacks, will we simply squander them in a post-pandemic splurge of  “we earned this” environmental gluttony?

What will be the ecological legacy of COVID-19, not just around the planet, but here in the Columbia River Basin?

Biologist Kalysta Adkins. Photo courtesy of ODFW

After my wildlife sightings around the Snake River and Umatilla Forest, I called Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife conservation biologist Kalysta Adkins.

One of the Bend-based Adkins’ primary duties is to provide advice on conservation strategies. I wanted to know if she saw future implications in anecdotes of animals reclaiming ancient territorial jurisdiction.

“From a biological standpoint we’re not able to make population measurements in such a short amount of time,” she said. “Wildlife are getting curious and expanding into areas they previously shied away from because of human use. Spring has a lot of breeding going on so that’s a huge bright spot that could have a population effect, but it’ll probably be a year before we can see data and measure how that tracks.

“We know human recreation does have an effect on a large suite of species. Wildlife could benefit from this reduced impact if we continue it. These (recreation area) closures could have a silver lining of making us more aware of our impact.”

Policy post-pandemic

I assume the editorial reins of Columbia Insight—inheriting a high bar of excellence from inestimable outgoing managing editor Dac Collins—at an extraordinary time.

Not just because of the coronavirus. But because of how a general observance of stay-home guidelines has upended our understanding of what’s possible in terms of environmental preservation.

In an unprecedented way, we’ve seen what collective communal resolve is capable of accomplishing when marshaled against an existential threat.

Will Americans change their behavior as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic? Will communities in the Columbia River Basin emerge from the crisis with a newly conservationist mindset and adopt more responsible practices in nature?

“I am hopeful,” anthropologist Jane Goodall recently told the Washington Post. “I lived through World War II. By the time you get to 86, you realize that we can overcome these things. One day we will be better people, more responsible in our attitudes toward nature.”

I love Goodall—one of my childhood obsessions was a book about her work with chimpanzees—but a lot of people don’t share her confidence. I’m struggling not to be one of them.

Undisturbed. For now. Photo by Jurgen Hess

“I’m not terribly optimistic about this continuing into the future once this is all over with,” says Dr. Richard Carpiano, professor of public policy and sociology at the University of California, Riverside and former co-editor of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.

In March, I talked to Carpiano about the surprising civic cooperation (mostly) with mandated social-distancing measures.

Carpiano explained society doesn’t tend to have a long memory when it comes to disasters. Summarizing a series of interviews with crisis survivors and cognitive psychologists, science writer Shayla Love arrived at the same conclusion in a sobering April article in Vice.

Often as not, life returns to normal once a threat has been vanquished.

There are exceptions. These are often as not driven by policy changes.

“An interesting analogy is 9/11. It lit a fire under the U.S. government to get moving on things,” Carpiano told me. “We had hearings. We had a commission. Law enforcement got more modernized to deal with national security. We got better at handling terrorist threats.”

Extending Carpiano’s logic, it seems to me the only way to ensure we don’t squander the encouraging environmental gains made during the COVID-19 pandemic will be through public policy.

It’s easy for people to feel good while scrolling through newsfeed stories about cleaner air over I-84 or pictures of coastal elk strolling along the beach in front of Haystack Rock.

The challenge will be taking that good feeling and turning it into successful efforts to secure policies that make at least part of those changes permanent.

Awareness is great but only if it translates into action.

The policy needs are in front of us. Renewed excitement behind campaigns for cleaner energy. Greater public engagement in preserving and restoring habitats. Trickier to pull of, but probably necessary in our increasingly populated corner of the world, will be restrictions on individual and commercial activities that put pressure on threatened habitats.

READ MORE ON CI: Overcrowding in the Columbia River Gorge

In the post-COVID days ahead, policy debates over these and other issues will surely demand an ever-greater portion of our attention.

Just as certainly, Columbia Insight will continue to focus its energies on the most critical issues facing the Columbia River Basin.

By |2020-05-07T10:00:58-07:0005/07/2020|Conservation|0 Comments

Two charts show COVID-19 impact on air quality

Oregon DEQ measurements illustrate remarkable decline in airborne pollutants

Chuck Thompson, April 28, 2020. If you think you’ve been able to see those mountains on the horizon a little more clearly in recent weeks, you’re not imagining things. Partly a result of stay-at-home orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic, air quality across the Columbia River Basin has dramatically improved.

“Over the past few weeks, we’ve seen about a 40 percent reduction in several pollutants related to vehicle emissions, specifically nitrogen oxides and black carbon, which is also known as soot,” said Laura Gleim, spokesperson for the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).

DEQ’s numbers track neatly with traffic figures from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT).

“In general traffic has declined about 40 percent pretty consistently around the state since Governor (Kate) Brown’s ‘stay home’ order,” according to ODOT spokesperson Don Hamilton. Governor Brown’s COVID-19-related order came on March 23.

On a typical Monday afternoon, drivers might despair at joining traffic on Portland’s Banfield Expressway (I-84). These days it’s mostly smooth sailing.

Though fewer vehicles on the road helps, the similar numbers gathered by each agency don’t necessarily indicate a direct alignment between percentage decrease in traffic and percentage improvement in air quality. In other words, it’s not all about COVID-19.

“It’s important to note that some of the fluctuation we’re seeing is because of changes in weather—wind speed, direction, temperature,” said Gleim. “Pollutants rise and fall based on weather.

“There’s also less smoke in the air from fires right now. There are fewer controlled burns going on, it’s warming up so people are using their woodstoves less, and we thankfully haven’t seen any major wildfires yet. This has all led to cleaner and clearer air quality in the state. We’re able to see faraway mountains, for instance.”

DEQ figures for late March show average concentrations of nitrogen oxides and black carbon down between about 27 to 32 percent from the same period in 2019.

Trending: cleaner air

Oregon DEQ tracks several air pollutants in vehicle emissions at an air-monitoring site near I-5 in Tualatin, just south of Portland. It analyzes data for nitrogen oxides (presented in parts per billion) and black carbon (presented in micrograms per cubic meter).

Two DEQ charts illustrate the dramatic improvements in air quality since the COVID-19 crisis began.

[/media-credit] Black carbon emissions DEQ April 2020.

[/media-credit] Nitrogen Oxides emissions, DEQ April 2020.

 DEQ’s Tualatin monitoring site can serve as an indicator of statewide trends. DEQ doesn’t monitor for specific pollutants in other areas of the state because total traffic volume is much lower outside the Portland-metro area. Lower traffic volume results in lower ambient concentrations of vehicle emission pollutants.

 “We’re tracking nitrogen oxides and black carbon specifically during this period because they’re good indicators of vehicle emissions more broadly,” said Gleim.

 Not clear everywhere

In other parts of the Columbia River Basin, it’s still too early to definitively say what effect, if any, COVID-19 shelter-in-place restrictions are having on air quality.

“There’s some significant air quality differences in some cities and areas. In Idaho, we just aren’t seeing that quite yet,” said Steve Miller, air quality data bureau chief for the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. “It is still too early to definitively quantify any differences in air quality that may be occurring due to COVID-19 and its effects on commuting and other things.

“Additionally, we have been having primarily good air quality in Idaho prior to and during the COVID-19 event, so it is more difficult to decipher such information.”

While vehicle traffic has been reduced across the Pacific Northwest (and world) as a result of COVID-19 regulations, pollutant particle levels in the air aren’t consistent across the region. In fact, in some densely populated residential areas, air quality has gotten worse.

On April 20, Tacoma’s News Tribune reported air quality in Puget Sound has actually declined this spring.

 “With many Puget Sound-area residents staying home, people have been using wood-burning stoves for home heating. Others have been making outdoor fires,” according to the News Tribune.

The Seattle Times cautioned those pinning improvements in air quality on broader issues related to global climate change shouldn’t get their hopes up just yet. In the short term, reduced car emissions won’t make a difference in global warming, according to the Times.

“A lot of people are saying this is good for the climate problem. No, not really,” the Times quoted Pieter Tans, a senior scientist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Monitoring Division.

View from space

In general, however, air quality has improved as COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders have led to decreases in travel and traffic around the world.

NASA’s Aura satellite data—which orbits 438 miles above the Earth—has returned images that show remarkable decreases in pollution over China, India and other countries.

This fascinating NASA slide graphic shows the incredible impact of stay-home orders on pollution in the Northeast United States.

“March 2020 shows the lowest monthly atmospheric nitrogen dioxide levels of any March during the Ozone Monitoring Instrument data record, which spans 2005 to the present,” according to NASA. “In fact, the data indicate that the nitrogen dioxide levels in March 2020 are about 30 percent lower on average across the region of the I-95 corridor from Washington, D.C. to Boston than when compared to the March mean of 2015-19.”

The East Coast is far beyond views from the Columbia River Basin. But the NASA pictures show an undeniable if unintended impact of stay-home orders. At least in the short-term, distant views are improving.

 

By |2020-05-27T20:38:50-07:0004/28/2020|Climate Change, Conservation|6 Comments

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